The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia is the highest research degree offered, providing students with the opportunity to undertake an academic endeavor to produce a research thesis. Throughout the program, students work closely with a faculty member, known as their supervisor, who provides guidance and support. The ultimate goal of the PhD thesis is to make substantial scholarly contributions to the chosen field of study. In addition to conducting groundbreaking research, students have the chance to enhance their research skills, foster critical and analytical thinking abilities, and expand their professional network through collaborations and publications. The PhD program at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia empowers students to become experts in their field and contribute to the advancement of knowledge through their original research.